Radix 0.28.0

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Release notes#

This release spans 39 non-merge commits (v0.27.0..v0.28.0, 2026-01-21 → 2026-01-22). It covers a broad nullable-type migration from Type? suffix to si Type prefix, a new tacet no-op keyword, a suite of "syntaxis aliena" diagnostic errors (P400–P409) that catch foreign syntax and suggest the correct Latin form, a unified keyword-dispatch annotation grammar across all compilers, the first Zed tree-sitter grammar for syntax highlighting, substantial nanus-rs codegen maturation, and a reworked build pipeline that removes the legacy faber compiler and splits exempla verification into separate stages.

Scale#

Major tracks#

Nullable type syntax: si Type prefix#

• Replace Type? nullable suffix with si Type prefix across the rivus parser and all 44 source files; emit diagnostic P403 (SyntaxisAlienaNullabilis) when the old suffix appears (aad4f4bf7)
• Convert remaining generic nullable patterns (lista<T>? → si lista<T>) in AST definitions (67ee1d19d)
• Fix canonical order to if before ownership — si de textus not de si textus — matching nanus-ts parse order (a9d82ff50)
• Update all nanus compilers (ts, py, rs, go) to parse and emit si Type instead of Type? (394a8d6f2)
• Update the norma generator to emit si textus / -> si VerteTranslation (353262373)

Syntaxis aliena diagnostics (P400–P409)#

• P400: colon type annotations (fixum x: textus → fixum textus x) (eac9b9d5e)
• P401: pro...de loops (pro item de list → ex list fixum item) (eac9b9d5e)
• P402: arrow functions ((x) => x + 1 → clausura x: x + 1) (eac9b9d5e)
• P403: Type? nullable suffix → si Type prefix (aad4f4bf7)
• P404: aliter / aliter si → else / elif (c1894fe08)
• P405: ?? nullish coalescing → vel (e5458cb69)
• P406: ? : ternary → sic / else (b9dd540d0)
• P407: exspecta (await) → cede (7b12ad505)
• P408: @ asynca → @ futura (48b0dc5e6)
• P409: secus si (else-if) → elif (f0d51f788)
• Hints for ~40 common JS/Python assumed globals (JSON, console, Math, etc.) with Faber equivalents; English method names on list, map, set, string suggest Latin alternatives from norma/innatum (bac6772c8)

tacet keyword (explicit no-op)#

• Add tacet to rivus parser and semantic analysis; replace 92 casu _ { } and 22 ceterum { } instances with casu _ tacet / ceterum tacet; emit semantic error for empty blocks (eac9b9d5e)
• Add tacet keyword to all nanus lexers (ts, py, go, rs); parseElige/parseDiscerne delegate to parseBody() which already supports it (ad72a561b)
• Add tacet to the EBNF grammar (45f39400e)
• Add tacet keyword to the Zed tree-sitter grammar (c5c00c210)

Unified annotation grammar (keyword dispatch)#

• subsidia-rs: keyword-dispatch parser for § (importa, sectio) and @ annotations (publica, futura, externa, innatum, subsidia, radix, verte, CLI metadata); unknown keywords produce parse errors instead of silent skip; emitter normalizes to new import syntax (29ccaa1fc)
• All remaining compilers (nanus-ts, nanus-go, nanus-py, faber-ts): keyword-dispatch parseSectio() / parseAnnotatio() for § and @ annotations; unknown @ keywords error at parse time; emitters always emit new syntax (90be9c560)
• New import syntax: § importa ex "path" bindings; legacy § ex "path" importa still supported (9d86d4df9, 90be9c560)

nanus-rs: bundle command and Rust codegen#

• Add bundle subcommand that collects cross-file AST types into a single Rust file for compilation (dbe90ad79)
• Implement heuristics for cross-file AST type resolution; sanitize Rust codegen (55a2b2906)
• Make the generated rivus crate typecheck: large emitter rewrite + bundler fixes spanning 500+ lines (5ca7a2c8b)
• Add tacet to lexer; fix emitter for new annotation syntax (11355ff83, 29ccaa1fc)

Build pipeline rework#

• Split build:exempla into codegen (stage 4) and verify (stage 5) using stdin-based CLI; output to opus/<compiler>/exempla/<target>/; add --no-verify / --verify-only flags (f88cd3f7b)
• Stage 4 runs exempla using all rivus variants that passed stages 2+3; build-exempla.ts accepts -c <compiler> for explicit selection (4d9c614ea)
• Remove faber compiler; make nanus-ts canonical bootstrap; remove --no-faber / --no-rivus flags; stages: 1 = nanus + norma, 2 = rivus via nanus-ts (must succeed), 3 = rivus via other nanus compilers (optional) (a5f27e55b)
• Pass --stdin-filename to compilers so error messages show real file paths instead of <stdin> (1284fba78)
• Unwrap shell errors in build-rivus.ts (0045cddcd)

Zed tree-sitter grammar#

• Initial token-based grammar for keyword/literal/annotation highlighting with language config and highlights queries (c2dd062df)
• Expand to full keyword coverage matching EBNF: custodi, cura, clausura, prae, ceteri, futura, Hex/Oct/Bin/Dec radix types, and many more (36dbd5907)
• Simplify annotation/directive parsing to single-line tokens (d45c0a787)
• Register grammar in extension.toml (57917d23f)
• Move tree-sitter grammar to separate tree-sitter-faber repository; delete bulk-generated parser files from this repo (63b7f5401)
• Simplify language name from "Faber Romanus" to "Faber" (45a1fc767)

Other changes#

• Rename lista.adde to lista.appende to disambiguate list-append from set-add (copia.adde); fixes TypeScript type error where nanus emitted .push() for copia<T> fields (8cd00e96d)
• Generator-first parameter convention: flip generator parameter to first position in all 93 gen*() function signatures across rivus codegen; refactor genFunctio and genGenus to pass whole AST nodes; raise rivus compile count from 112/125 to 125/125 (d09f27708)
• Remove unreachable symbolic shift tokens (<<, >>, >>>) from AST; enforce keyword-only shift operators; add parse-error tests (8970e30ec)
• Remove unused English dialect support (Dialectus.Anglicus, verbumAnglicusId) from rivus (a1bbd18d0)
• Require typed callable parameters; warn on ignotum in rivus semantic analysis (1726e5b31)
• Fix bootstrap build chain bugs across nanus-py, nanus-rs, nanus-ts, rivus Go codegen, and subsidia-rs (11355ff83)

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